The pituitary gland is cradled within the sellaturcica of the sphenoid bone of the skull. In addition, the hypothalamus is anatomically and functionally related to the pituitary gland (or hypophysis), a bean-sized organ suspended from it by a stem called the infundibulum (or pituitary stalk). It has both neural and endocrine functions, producing and secreting many hormones. The hypothalamus is a structure of the diencephalon of the brain located anterior and inferior to the thalamus ( ). In many cases, a stimulus received by the nervous system must pass through the hypothalamus–pituitary complex to be translated into hormones that can initiate a response. In addition, the hypothalamus–pituitary complex coordinates the messages of the endocrine and nervous systems. This complex secretes several hormones that directly produce responses in target tissues, as well as hormones that regulate the synthesis and secretion of hormones of other glands. The hypothalamus–pituitary complex can be thought of as the “command center” of the endocrine system. Identify the six hormones produced by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, their target cells, their principal actions, and their regulation by the hypothalamus.Identify the two hormones released from the posterior pituitary, their target cells, and their principal actions.Explain the interrelationships of the anatomy and functions of the hypothalamus and the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland.Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functionsĭevelopment and Aging of the Endocrine Systemīy the end of this section, you will be able to: Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper LimbsĪppendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbsīasic Structure and Function of the Nervous SystemĬirculation and the Central Nervous Systemĭivisions of the Autonomic Nervous System Interactions of Skeletal Muscles, Their Fascicle Arrangement, and Their Lever SystemsĪxial Muscles of the Head, Neck, and BackĪxial Muscles of the Abdominal Wall and Thorax Nervous Tissue Mediates Perception and Responseĭiseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary SystemĮxercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone TissueĬalcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ SystemsĮmbryonic Development of the Axial Skeletonĭevelopment and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning Structural Organization of the Human BodyĮlements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter
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